{"id":1646,"date":"2024-03-11T19:47:53","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T19:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/?p=1646"},"modified":"2026-03-19T14:25:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:25:34","slug":"lorna-simpson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/2024\/03\/11\/lorna-simpson\/","title":{"rendered":"Lorna Simpson: Artist and Pioneer of Conceptual Photography"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A pioneer of conceptual photography, Lorna Simpson is best known for her large-scale works combining images and text. Simpson\u2019s photography often questions and challenges conventional views on gender, sexuality, race, identity, and culture in the United States. Many of her pieces created between 1985 and 1995 incorporate text to complicate the meaning of the image and provide commentary on a variety of issues.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"336\" height=\"650\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1647\" style=\"width:266px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting.jpg 336w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-155x300.jpg 155w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-100x193.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-150x290.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-200x387.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-300x580.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br>Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960) <em>Counting,&nbsp;<\/em>1991 Photogravure and screenprint 73 3\/4 x 38 in. Museum purchase from the Anniversary Acquisition Fund. 1998.10.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Education and Early Career<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simpson discovered photography while she was a student at the School of Visual Arts in New York City. An internship at the renowned Studio Museum in Harlem led her to meet a number of contemporary artists, most notably <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/2024\/02\/07\/american-photographer-carrie-mae-weems\/\">Carrie Mae Weems<\/a>. Weems urged Simpson to join her in graduate school at the University of California, San Diego. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The curriculum at UCSD was heavily tilted towards performance, conceptual, and other intellectual forms of artistic production. Simpson quickly evolved a practice that combined her interest in photography with careful\u2014and usually quite pointed\u2014interrogations of the systems and structures that undergird American society, particularly its racism and misogyny. During her early period, dating roughly from 1985 to 1995, Simpson made a series of works that blended photography\u2014most often pictures of anonymous Black women\u2014with snippets of text that both explain and complicate the images they accompany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Counting<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Counting<\/em>, like many works from Simpson\u2019s early career, engages directly with the historical\u2014and historicized\u2014experience of Black femininity. Three photographs\u2014of a woman, a smokehouse, and woman\u2019s hair\u2014are surrounded, buttressed, and complicated by a series of numbers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:21% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"336\" height=\"650\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1647 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting.jpg 336w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-155x300.jpg 155w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-100x193.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-150x290.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-200x387.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/simpson-lorna-counting-300x580.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960)<br><em>Counting,&nbsp;<\/em>1991<br>Photogravure and screenprint<br>73 3\/4 x 38 in.<br>Museum purchase from the Anniversary Acquisition Fund. 1998.10.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Simpson\u2019s work often challenges portrait conventions by foregrounding Black women while obscuring or effacing their faces. This complex process both counteracts and highlights their historical erasure through racial and sexual violence. The inclusion of the smokehouse, which is connected to the era of slavery with the label \u201c310 years ago,\u201d makes this\u00a0<strong>relationship<\/strong>\u00a0explicit. The work\u2019s assertive, even obsessive, insistence on counting calls further attention to the history of slavery. It by recalls the fact that, for much of American history, people of African descent were little more than commodities, property to be counted on one side or the other of a ledger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Untitled (from SITE Santa Fe Benefit)<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Untitled (from SITE Santa Fe Benefit)<\/em>, which Simpson executed to benefit a contemporary art space in Santa Fe, New Mexico, continues her engagement with historical memory, archives, and racialized violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"588\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1650 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2.jpg 720w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-300x245.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-367x300.jpg 367w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-100x82.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-150x123.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-200x163.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-450x368.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.2-600x490.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960)<br><em>Untitled (from SITE Santa Fe Benefit),&nbsp;<\/em>1995<br>Four-color electrostatic heat transfer on felt<br>9 x 11 in.<br>Museum purchase from the Michel Roux Acquisition Fund. 2020.2 \u00a9 Lorna Simpson. Image courtesy the artist and Hauser &amp; Wirth<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The print reproduces two pieces of found ephemera, both likely from the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. On the left, a pair of young white women hold one another as they tip over a riverbank, about to plunge into the water below. On the right, a pair of blindfolded Black men in military uniforms are in the process of being executed by firing squad. A mixture of white and Black spectators, the latter most likely enslaved laborers and the former their enslavers, look on. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two pairs of figures\u2014black and white, male and female\u2014are united by their shared postures, as well as by the pair of black bars which slightly overlap both scenes. By pairing these two formally similar but thematically quite different images, Simpson calls attention to the very different historical subjectivities that undergird white and Black Americans. A pose indicative of a whimsical sunny day is rendered, for people of African descent, into a sinister symbol of systematic racialized violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Later Experiments in Different Media<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Around 1994-1995, Simpson began to step away from the pseudo-portraits of Black women that had defined her early career, in part because of a sense of exhaustion she felt from her investigations of historical memory and violence. She did not entirely shed her interest in Black femininity, however, embarking on a series of works depicting\u2014and sometimes using real examples of\u2014wigs. This continued her interest in the cultural importance of Black women\u2019s hair, which also appears in <em>Counting<\/em> and other works of her early career. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Upper and Lower Case Wigs<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Upper and Lower Case Wigs<\/em> subverts her usual formula somewhat, by representing a male moustache and beard as \u201cwigs.\u201d The work represents a more playful moment in Simpson\u2019s oeuvre, one that nevertheless helps her to interrogate trouble gendered distinctions in American society, in this case the difference between male and female norms regarding hair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"805\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-805x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1649 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-805x1024.png 805w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-236x300.png 236w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-768x977.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-100x127.png 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-150x191.png 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-200x255.png 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-300x382.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-450x573.png 450w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-600x764.png 600w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res-900x1145.png 900w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.64low-res.png 943w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960)<br><em>Upper and Lower Case Wigs,&nbsp;<\/em>1994<br>Gelatin silver print<br>Gift of Peter Norton. 2020.64 \u00a9 Lorna Simpson. Image courtesy the artist and Hauser &amp; Wirth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Upper and Lower Case Wigs<\/em>, Simpson comments on race and gender by exploring representations of hair, an often-important part of African American history, identity, and culture. Using humorous text and a hierarchical placement of the \u201cupper case wig and lower case wig,\u201d Simpson questions notions of propriety and examines how perceptions of gender and culture shape our relationships and experiences.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>III<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simpson also experimented with sculpture and installation works during the 1990s. The recurring wishbone motif in works of this period alludes to the fragility and resistance of the body. It reflects on the act of, and expectations around, wish-making.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:49% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-1024x810.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1653 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-1024x810.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-300x237.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-768x607.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-379x300.jpeg 379w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-100x79.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-150x119.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-200x158.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-450x356.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-600x475.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res-900x712.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Simpson2020.38-low-res.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Lorna Simpson (American, b. 1960)<br><em>III<\/em>, 1994&nbsp;<br>Cedar box containing felt, ceramic, bronze and silicone rubber<br>13 1\/2 x 5 5\/16 x 2 1\/8 in.<br>Gift of Suzanne Delehanty in honor of Teagan Walsh, Rollins Class of 2020 2020.38<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This work, <em>III<\/em>, was one of 5,000 commissioned by the Peter Norton Family Foundation to be mailed to friends and family as a holiday greeting. The wooden box with the engraved roman numerals III holds three wishbones made of ceramic, bronze, and rubber. The tradition of pulling the wishbone at holiday dinners comes into question when some of these materials would likely be unbreakable, asking the viewer to consider whether or not all wishes can be easily granted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">View Lorna Simpson&#8217;s works at Rollins Museum of Art<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"999\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-1024x999.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1703 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-1024x999.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-768x749.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-1536x1498.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-308x300.jpg 308w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-100x98.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-150x146.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-200x195.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-450x439.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-600x585.jpg 600w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719-900x878.jpg 900w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/IMG_5382-scaled-e1710184359719.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>You can view <em>III<\/em> in the What&#8217;s New? Recent Acquisitions exhibition at the Rollins Museum of Art Tuesday &#8211; Sunday through May 12, 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for Simpson&#8217;s works in future Rollins Museum of Art exhibitions. Bring a friend, admission is FREE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rollins.edu\/rma\/visit\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn More<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A pioneer of conceptual photography, Lorna Simpson is best known for her large-scale works combining images and text. Simpson\u2019s photography often questions and challenges conventional views on gender, sexuality, race, identity, and culture in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,246,43],"tags":[145,257,254,256,79,255,141,154],"class_list":["post-1646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-womens-history","category-celebrating-black-art-and-artists","category-permanent-collection","tag-black-artists","tag-black-female-artists","tag-conceptual-photography","tag-female-artists","tag-photography","tag-rollins-museum","tag-rollins-museum-of-art","tag-women-artists"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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