{"id":708,"date":"2020-08-25T14:46:49","date_gmt":"2020-08-25T14:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/cfam\/?p=708"},"modified":"2020-08-25T15:00:48","modified_gmt":"2020-08-25T15:00:48","slug":"blackness-and-abstraction-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/2020\/08\/25\/blackness-and-abstraction-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Blackness and Abstraction, Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A few weeks ago, I wrote about <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/cfam\/2020\/07\/31\/sam-gilliam-and-blackness\/\">the African American abstract painter Sam Gilliam<\/a> and his sometimes uneasy relationship with the artistic style of Black activists in the 1960s and 1970s. This week, I ran into some of the same issues while researching another work in the CFAM collection, in this case <em>Weapon of Freedom<\/em>, by the pioneering Black sculptor Melvin Edwards. Edwards, like many of his Black colleagues working in abstraction in the second half of the twentieth century, often escaped critical notice, caught in the double bind between Black cultural nationalism on the one hand and white disinterest on the other. Recently, however, scholars have begun to recognize Edwards and his colleagues for both their importance both politically and to the history of American modernism. Edwards\u2014along with Gilliam and a number of others\u2014was part of an important 2006 exhibition on Black abstraction at Harlem\u2019s Studio Museum.<sup>1<\/sup> And in 2015, he received a solo retrospective at the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas which has cemented his status as a major figure in American art since 1960.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"650\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/cfam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom.jpg\" alt=\"Melvin Edwards, Weapon of Freedom, Cornell Fine Arts Museum \" class=\"wp-image-709\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom.jpg 580w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-268x300.jpg 268w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-100x112.jpg 100w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-150x168.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-200x224.jpg 200w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-300x336.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.rollins.edu\/rma\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/edwards-melvin-weapon-of-freedom-450x504.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><figcaption>Melvin Edwards, (American, b. 1937), <em>Weapon of Freedom<\/em>, 1986, Welded steel,<br> 11 x 9 x 6 in., The Alfond Collection of Contemporary Art at Rollins College, <br>Gift of Barbara &#8217;68 and Theodore &#8217;68 Alfond, 2014.1.58.<br> \u00a9 2015 Melvin Edwards\/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Image courtesy of the artist.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Weapon of Freedom<\/em> is one of a series of dozens of\nworks Edwards has made since 1963, all of which he calls his <em>Lynch Fragments<\/em>.\nEdwards learned to weld while an art student in Los Angeles, and he quickly\nstarted creating welded steel sculptures out of found scrap metal that both\nexplicitly and implicitly responded to the contemporary cultural and political\nmilieu, most notably his participation in protests against housing\ndiscrimination and police violence.<sup>3<\/sup>\nAvoiding explicitly imagery and other didactic means, Edwards instead relies on\nthe formal qualities of his sculptures, including their blending of familiar\nand abstract forms; the twisting and pooling of the metal due to the welding;\nand their small size, which requires bodily engagement from the viewer, to\nevoke moods and feelings, which are often reinforced by the poetic and\nevocative titles he gives the works.<sup>4<\/sup> <em>Weapon\nof Freedom<\/em> is a perfect example of this, as the axe head and railroad spike\nclearly represent the threat of violence, both visited upon Black people by\nracist vigilantes and, possibly, the readiness of Black people to resist such\nviolence. They also simultaneously evoke the tools of slavery\u2014as do the chains\nwhich frequently appear in the <em>Lynch Fragments<\/em>\u2014and the work of enslaved\nblacksmiths and African craftsmen.<sup>5<\/sup> By\nboth evoking the ongoing possibility of racial violence and the history of\nBlack and African strength and creativity, Edwards is thus able to ally his\ncutting-edge artistic style with a social message. His continued recognition is\nperhaps the strongest proof yet that abstraction and Black activism do indeed\ngo together.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> Kellie Jones and Studio Museum in Harlem, <em>Energy Experimentation: Black Artists and Abstraction 1964-1980\u202f; Frank Bowling, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Ed Clark, Melvin Edwards, Fred Eversley, Sam Gilliam, Daniel LaRue Johnson, Tom Lloyd, Al Loving, Joe Overstreet, Howardena Pindell, Haywood Bill Rivers, Alma Thomas, Jack Whitten, William T. Williams\u202f; The Studio Museum in Harlem, [April 5 &#8211; July 2, 2006<\/em> (New York, NY: The Studio Museum in Harlem, 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> Catherine Craft et al., <em>Melvin Edwards: Five Decades\u202f; [&#8230; Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas, Texas, January 31 &#8211; May 10, 2015\u202f; the Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, September 1, 2015 &#8211; January 3, 2016\u202f; and the Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, Ohio, February 12 &#8211; May 8, 2016<\/em> (Dallas: Nasher Sculpture Center, 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup> Lydie Diakhat\u00e9, \u201cMelvin Edwards: The Poetic of the Blacksmith,\u201d <em>Wasafiri<\/em> 30, no. 3 (2015): 69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4<\/sup> Celeste-Marie Bernier, <em>Stick to the Skin: African American and Black British Art, 1965-2015<\/em>, 2018, 78\u201379. Craft et al., <em>Melvin Edwards<\/em>, 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup> Bernier, <em>Stick to the Skin<\/em>, 78\u201379.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A few weeks ago, I wrote about the African American abstract painter Sam Gilliam and his sometimes uneasy relationship with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[9,68,29],"class_list":["post-708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-highlights-insights-into-the-american-art-collection","tag-cornell-fine-arts-museum","tag-melvin-edwards","tag-rollins-college"],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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